When encountering the “invalid command ‘bdist_wheel'” error with python setup.py on Travis CI, it’s likely due to missing dependencies or an outdated version of the setup tools and wheel packages. The error suggests that the ‘bdist_wheel’ command, used for building Python wheel distributions, is not recognized.
To resolve this, ensure that you have the latest versions of setup tools and wheel installed in your development environment. You can update them using:
Make sure your Travis CI configuration specifies a Python version that supports the ‘bdist_wheel’ command. Using a virtual environment and checking for other configuration issues can also help troubleshoot the problem. By addressing these aspects, you should be able to successfully run python setup.py bdist_wheel on Travis CI without encountering the “invalid command ‘bdist_wheel'” error.
(venv) poussel@ist-159-12:~/insarviz-master$ pip install .
Building wheel for insarviz (setup.py) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/poussel/venv/bin/python3 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-req-build-pmxhcp5x/setup.py'"'"';
+__file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-req-build-pmxhcp5x/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"',
+'"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-skit1i77
cwd: /tmp/pip-req-build-pmxhcp5x/
Complete output (6 lines):
usage: setup.py [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
or: setup.py --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
or: setup.py --help-commands
or: setup.py cmd --help
error: invalid command 'bdist_wheel'
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for insarviz
Running setup.py clean for insarviz
Failed to build insarviz
Installing collected packages: insarviz
Running setup.py install for insarviz ... done
Successfully installed insarviz-1.0Python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully
While trying to install nes_py, I came across an error message.
Collecting nes_py
Using cached nes_py-8.1.8.tar.gz (76 kB)
Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
Requirement already satisfied: gym>=0.17.2 in c:\users\hb\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (from nes_py) (0.23.0)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.18.5 in c:\users\hb\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (from nes_py) (1.22.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pyglet<=1.5.11,>=1.4.0 in c:\users\hb\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (from nes_py) (1.5.11)
Requirement already satisfied: tqdm>=4.48.2 in c:\users\hb\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (from nes_py) (4.63.0)
Requirement already satisfied: cloudpickle>=1.2.0 in c:\users\hb\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (from gym>=0.17.2->nes_py) (2.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: gym-notices>=0.0.4 in c:\users\hb\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (from gym>=0.17.2->nes_py) (0.0.6)
Requirement already satisfied: colorama in c:\users\hb\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (from tqdm>=4.48.2->nes_py) (0.4.4)
Building wheels for collected packages: nes_py
Building wheel for nes_py (setup.py): started
Building wheel for nes_py (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
Running setup.py clean for nes_py
Failed to build nes_py
Installing collected packages: nes_py, gym_super_mario_bros
Running setup.py install for nes_py: started
Running setup.py install for nes_py: finished with status 'error'
Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.
Output exceeds the size limit. Open the full output data in a text editor
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [129 lines of output]
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.10
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py
copying nes_py\nes_env.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py
copying nes_py\_image_viewer.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py
copying nes_py\_rom.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py
copying nes_py\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py\app
copying nes_py\app\cli.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py\app
copying nes_py\app\play_human.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py\app
copying nes_py\app\play_random.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py\app
copying nes_py\app\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py\app
creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py\wrappers
copying nes_py\wrappers\joypad_space.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py\wrappers
copying nes_py\wrappers\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\nes_py\wrappers
running build_ext
building 'nes_py.lib_nes_env' extension
...
╰─> nes_pyI have attempted to install nes_py using “pip install nes-py” with the “–no-cache-dir” flag and also upgraded pip, setuptools, and wheel using “pip install –upgrade pip setuptools wheel”. My system runs on Windows 10 with Python version 3.10.2 (64-bit) and Visual Studio Code.
For the first solution, encountering an error while running a SikuliX script on Windows 10, I resolved it by obtaining the C++ Build Tools from https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/. I installed MSVC – v140 VS2015 C++ Build Tools (v14.00) and Windows 10 SDK version 10.0.20348.0, added the directory to the Environment Variable PATH, and retrieved necessary files like “rc.exe” and “rcdll.dll” from specified sources.
In the second solution, I faced issues in a virtual environment within a Docker container, and the problem was resolved by discontinuing the use of virtualenv and executing the code with “python3”.
The third solution suggests that the absence of the wheel package might be causing the error. To resolve, install the wheel package, follow a suitable tutorial, and then execute “pip install nes-py”. For Windows, it is recommended to install Visual Studio 17.0 tools along with the nes package.
In the fourth solution, the user resolved a similar issue by installing Cmake.
Python – setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
After finishing the coding for my module “NsmPY,” available on GitHub, I tried to upload it to PyPi. Unfortunately, I encountered an error when executing the necessary command “python3 setup.py sdist bdist_wheel.”
running sdist
running egg_info
writing nsmpy.egg-info\PKG-INFO
writing dependency_links to nsmpy.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
writing top-level names to nsmpy.egg-info\top_level.txt
reading manifest file 'nsmpy.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
writing manifest file 'nsmpy.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
warning: sdist: standard file not found: should have one of README, README.rst, README.txt, README.md
running check
creating nsmpy-1.0
creating nsmpy-1.0\nsmpy.egg-info
copying files to nsmpy-1.0...
copying setup.cfg -> nsmpy-1.0
copying setup.py -> nsmpy-1.0
copying nsmpy.egg-info\PKG-INFO -> nsmpy-1.0\nsmpy.egg-info
copying nsmpy.egg-info\SOURCES.txt -> nsmpy-1.0\nsmpy.egg-info
copying nsmpy.egg-info\dependency_links.txt -> nsmpy-1.0\nsmpy.egg-info
copying nsmpy.egg-info\top_level.txt -> nsmpy-1.0\nsmpy.egg-info
Writing nsmpy-1.0\setup.cfg
Creating tar archive
removing 'nsmpy-1.0' (and everything under it)
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_scripts
creating build
creating build\scripts-3.7
error: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nsmpy'Case Study: Error Encountered on Travis CI
In the realm of continuous integration and deployment, Travis CI stands out as a reliable platform for automating the testing and building of projects. However, as developers, we are well aware that not every process goes smoothly. In this case study, we delve into a specific scenario where a user faced the perplexing ‘invalid command ‘bdist_wheel” error while deploying a Python project, shedding light on the steps taken to troubleshoot and resolve the issue.
User Scenario: Installation Woes with ‘nes_py’
The user, let’s call them DevPro, was working on a Python project involving the ‘nes_py’ module. ‘nes_py’ is a Python interface for working with Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) emulators. Excited about sharing their creation with the community, DevPro aimed to upload the project to PyPi using the standard command:
python3 setup.py sdist bdist_wheelHowever, instead of a seamless process, DevPro encountered the dreaded ‘invalid command ‘bdist_wheel” error on Travis CI. This issue prompted a deep dive into the possible causes and solutions.
Analyzing the Error Message
The error message itself was cryptic, merely stating “invalid command ‘bdist_wheel'” without providing much insight into the root cause. This lack of specificity can make debugging challenging, but DevPro was determined to get to the bottom of it.
Initial Attempts to Resolve
DevPro initiated the troubleshooting process by checking the basics:
Updated Dependencies: They ensured that setuptools and wheel, fundamental for packaging in Python, were up to date by running:
Python Version Compatibility: Confirming that the Python version was compatible with the ‘bdist_wheel’ command, DevPro verified that they were using Python 3.10.2.
Checking for Missing Dependencies: A thorough examination of the project’s dependencies was conducted to rule out any missing components.
Despite these efforts, the error persisted, prompting DevPro to explore more targeted solutions.
Solution: Addressing Visual Studio Build Tools
Drawing inspiration from a similar scenario involving a SikuliX script, DevPro considered the possibility of missing C++ Build Tools, a common requirement for certain Python packages. The step-by-step solution involved:
Obtaining C++ Build Tools: DevPro downloaded the C++ Build Tools from this link.
Installing MSVC – v140 VS2015 C++ Build Tools: In the Visual Studio installer, DevPro selected the necessary components, including MSVC – v140 VS2015 C++ Build Tools.
Adding Necessary Paths to Environment Variables: Path variables for critical directories, such as the 64-bit version of Windows Kits 10 binaries, were added to the system’s environment variables.
FAQs
What does the ‘invalid command ‘bdist_wheel” error mean in the context of Python setup.py on Travis CI?
This error typically occurs when there’s an issue with the recognition or execution of the ‘bdist_wheel’ command during the packaging process of a Python project using the ‘setup.py’ script. It could be due to various factors, such as outdated dependencies or misconfigurations.
Are there specific Python versions that might encounter this issue on Travis CI?
While it can happen on various Python versions, it’s crucial to ensure compatibility. Check your project’s compatibility with the Python version specified in your Travis CI configuration. Updating to a newer version or confirming compatibility can help resolve this issue.
What steps can I take if the error persists after updating dependencies?
If updating dependencies doesn’t solve the problem, consider checking for missing dependencies, verifying the project’s requirements, and ensuring that all necessary components are installed. A systematic approach to dependency management can often reveal hidden issues.
How does Visual Studio Build Tools relate to this error, and how can it be addressed?
In some cases, especially on Windows systems, the absence of Visual Studio Build Tools may lead to the ‘invalid command ‘bdist_wheel” error. To address this, install the necessary build tools, including MSVC – v140 VS2015 C++ Build Tools, and ensure that relevant paths are added to the system’s environment variables.
Why might using a virtual environment or Docker container impact the occurrence of this error?
Issues within virtual environments or Docker containers may arise due to differences in system configurations. Consider discontinuing the use of virtual environments or executing commands directly with the appropriate Python version, such as “python3,” to avoid potential conflicts.
How does the installation of the wheel package contribute to resolving this error?
The ‘bdist_wheel’ command is related to Python wheel distributions. Ensuring that the ‘wheel’ package is installed is crucial for its proper execution. Follow a suitable tutorial to install the ‘wheel’ package, and then rerun the ‘python setup.py bdist_wheel’ command.
Why might installing CMake be a solution to this problem?
In some cases, installing CMake has been reported to resolve similar issues. CMake is a cross-platform build system, and having it installed may address underlying build-related problems, contributing to successful execution of the ‘bdist_wheel’ command.
Conclusion
Encountering the ‘invalid command ‘bdist_wheel” error during the execution of ‘python setup.py’ on Travis CI can be a challenging but manageable issue. This error often stems from a variety of factors, including outdated dependencies, misconfigurations, or missing components. Through a systematic troubleshooting approach, developers can navigate through these challenges and ensure a successful deployment process.
Updating essential packages like setuptools and wheel is a fundamental step to address compatibility issues. Verifying Python version compatibility and checking for missing dependencies are crucial aspects of resolving the error. Additionally, on Windows systems, the installation of Visual Studio Build Tools, including MSVC – v140 VS2015 C++ Build Tools, and configuring environment variables can be instrumental in overcoming related obstacles.
